{"id":4188,"date":"2020-03-19T17:42:53","date_gmt":"2020-03-19T15:42:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.georezo.net\/inspire\/?p=4188"},"modified":"2023-01-02T19:34:26","modified_gmt":"2023-01-02T17:34:26","slug":"le-futur-des-idg-vu-du-jrc-et-un-peu-dici","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.georezo.net\/inspire\/2020\/03\/19\/le-futur-des-idg-vu-du-jrc-et-un-peu-dici\/","title":{"rendered":"Le futur des IDG, vu du JRC (et un peu d’ici)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des coll\u00e8gues du JRC, la direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale multi-technique de la Commission europ\u00e9enne, publient ces jours-ci un article sur le futur des IDG<\/a> : \u00ab\u00a0From Spatial Data Infrastructures to Data Spaces\u2014A Technological Perspective on the Evolution of European SDIs\u00a0\u00bb. M\u00eame si ce papier n’engage qu’eux et non la Commission, comme on dit, la qualit\u00e9 des signataires, qui sont nos interlocuteurs du plus haut niveau au JRC, m\u00e9rite qu’on s’y attarde. Et vous jugerez par vous-m\u00eame s’il ne retient qu’une \u00ab\u00a0perspective purement technologique\u00a0\u00bb!<\/p>\n

Les dix premi\u00e8res pages dressent un tableau exhaustif du contexte et de la situation actuelle avec tous les passages oblig\u00e9s dans ce type de publication. Le point 4, intitul\u00e9 Europe\u2019s SDI Post-2020<\/em>, porte plusieurs points qui confirment des diagnostics et des \u00e9volutions d\u00e9j\u00e0 perceptibles \u00e0 l’\u00e9t\u00e9 2018<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Extraits choisis (parfois en version originale, pas le temps de tout traduire). Mes commentaires sont entre crochets.
\nL’introduction<\/strong> du point 4 cite l’abondance de donn\u00e9es qui cr\u00e9ent l’embarras du choix, aggrav\u00e9 par l’obscurit\u00e9 des licences [hors Licence ouverte & Creative common, bien s\u00fbr]. Elle insiste sur la pr\u00e9servation des investissements en plaidant pour des \u00e9volutions graduelles.<\/p>\n

4.1. From Data Infrastructures to Data Spaces<\/strong>
\n\u00ab\u00a0le risque existe que l’IDG reste trop centr\u00e9e sur les producteurs\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0l’assertion qu’il suffit de publier des donn\u00e9es au travers de services interop\u00e9rables pour cr\u00e9er des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices ne tient pas\u00a0\u00bb [ce qui \u00e9tait juste le principe de base d’INSPIRE], \u00ab\u00a0Il faut consid\u00e9rer les producteurs et les utilisateurs, mais aussi tous les interm\u00e9diaires & il vaut mieux consid\u00e9rer que la notion de \u00ab\u00a0spatial\u00a0\u00bb n’est plus sp\u00e9ciale\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

4.2. Organisational Principles
\n4.2.1. Co-Design by Default<\/em><\/strong>
\n\u00ab\u00a0The development of Europe\u2019s SDIs, and the INSPIRE infrastructure in particular, pioneered mechanisms for co-creation and co-design of consensus-based technical arrangements. However, this approach (i) represented at large the perspective of those who participated in the drafting, that is, data providers, and (ii) took too long for the arrangements to be endorsed and adopted. As a consequence, other stakeholders such as software vendors and users were not fully included in the process.(…)
\nThat is why, a rigid process which roots all developments into a particular standard or technology makes very little sense.\u00a0\u00bb [Si cela ne vise pas les standards OGC, je ne sais pas de quoi ils parlent].<\/p>\n

4.3.1. Data Structures Based on Spatial Features<\/em><\/strong>
\nDespite new technological developments, the need for the use of structured data with clearly defined semantics\u00a0 cross multiple domains still remains. A simple yet extensible data structure based on INSPIRE semantics and\u00a0 features (spatial objects) instead of the 34 INSPIRE data themes would be well supported by client applications\u00a0 and libraries.
\n\u00ab\u00a0Une telle solution serait tr\u00e8s proche de celle utilis\u00e9e par OSM ou de Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), standard de donn\u00e9es de la biodiversit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.
\nBoth of those initiatives document the encoding approach on wiki pages through clear examples, and in the case of OSM pictures of spatial objects. The latter would be, for example, a nice addition to the currently existing INSPIRE Registry.\u00a0\u00bb[Je ne suis pas s\u00fbr de bien interpr\u00e9ter cette phrase : s’agirait-il d’int\u00e9grer les tags obligatoires\u00a0 d’OSM dans le registre INSPIRE?].<\/p>\n

4.3.2. Encoding-Agnostic Approach<\/em><\/strong>
\nThe notion of dataset distributions as defined in the Data Catalog Vocabulary\u2013DCAT [82] might be endorsed in order to provide different representations of a dataset thus increasing the flexibilit in making the data available to stakeholders with different needs. In accordance with the DCAT specification, through distributions datasets\u00a0 might be available in multiple serialisations that may differ in various ways, including natural language, media-type or format, schematic organisation, temporal and spatial resolution, level of detail or profile.<\/p>\n

4.3.3. Mainstreaming IT-Related Developments<\/em><\/strong>
\nWith regards to the access to data, the use of APIs offers many opportunities for providing easy access to data and enlarge the user base beyond the typical geospatial expert. Not only would APIs allow for simplifying the access to data, but they would also help to better understand user demand. In addition, the use of fine-grained loosely coupled services, together with lightweight protocols would help improve the usability of geospatial data.<\/p>\n

Conclusion des auteurs<\/strong>
\nApr\u00e8s le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des points pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents, les auteurs citent quelques points qu’ils d\u00e9crivent comme hors de leur sujet :
\n-Harmoniser et\u00a0rendre accessibles les donn\u00e9es de peu d’int\u00e9r\u00eat pour les utilisateurs alors qu’on ne se concentrent pas sur celles des donn\u00e9es qui sont les plus hautement d\u00e9sir\u00e9es a peu de sens. [C’est tr\u00e8s exactement le virage de 2018-2019 sur les donn\u00e9es prioritaires et celles de couverture nationale]. Une mantra souvent entendue dans les conf\u00e9rences est qu’il faut s’inspirer des utilisateurs. Cependant, une approche concr\u00e8te et pragmatique pour ce faire est toujours manquante.
\n– \u00ab\u00a0Dans ce contexte d’une complexit\u00e9 croissante, la gouvernance de la donn\u00e9e est un d\u00e9fi. Tandis qu’il y a des preuves de r\u00e9ussite de d\u00e9veloppements li\u00e9s \u00e0 la donn\u00e9e au niveau urbain, plus le niveau de territoire ets \u00e9lev\u00e9, plus faibles sont les preuves de r\u00e9ussites comme la durabilit\u00e9 des bonnes pratiques\u00a0\u00bb [Je ne partage pas cette analyse, peut-\u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 une sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9 de l’IDG fran\u00e7aise].<\/p>\n

A part ce dernier point, je ne vois pas ce qui serait diff\u00e9rent de l’analyse port\u00e9e par la France jusqu’ici. Qu’en pensez-vous?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Des coll\u00e8gues du JRC, la direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale multi-technique de la Commission europ\u00e9enne, publient ces jours-ci un article sur le futur des IDG : \u00ab\u00a0From Spatial Data Infrastructures to Data Spaces\u2014A Technological Perspective on the Evolution of European SDIs\u00a0\u00bb. M\u00eame si ce papier n’engage qu’eux et non la Commission, comme on dit, la qualit\u00e9 des signataires, <\/p>\n

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